1. An item becomes negatively charged by friction or a loss of electrons. An ion is a atom or molecule that has gained or lost more than one electrons which gives it either a positive or negative chart.
2. An atom is arranged with the center being the nucleus near the center are protons and neutrons. On the sides of the atom are electrons that basically orbit around the center giving it either a positive or negative charge.
3. For something to be polarized there is always a up and a down and an item only works one way. For instance with batteries there is a positive and negative. The battery only gives an item energy if it is connected correctly.
4. An insulator is something that keeps energy in. One way to think of it in today's world is as the insulator that keeps your house warm in the winter by trapping in heat. A conductor is something that transfers energy. For instance a circuit uses copper wire because copper can easily transfer energy.
5. For something to be attracted to one another one force has to be a lot larger than the other to balance out the electrons. For instance if you have a lot of negative electrons a neutral or positively charged item will be attracted to it.
6. A negatively charged balloon attracts neutral pieces of paper because the negative electrons is attracted to all of the positive electrons that the neutral item has.
7. An electric field is the area around a electric charge. The purpose of a positive test charge in an electric field is a negative charge and a positive charge that pulls at surrounding items.
8. Electric potential is measured by the amount of work you put in. For instance if you plug in a hair dryer to the wall it has potential electric energy because the energy is waiting for you to turn on the appliance.
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